The design processes were empirically examined through protocol analysis using a coding scheme based on the function behaviour structure ontology.
Our early work indicates that grid cells use a coding scheme related to Principal Component Analysis (PCA), while place cells use a scheme related to Independent Component Analysis (ICA), as illustrated in figure 3. We aim to explore whether both grid cells and place cells can be rigorously obtained as the solution to different optimization problems, extending the work of e.g. [15,16].
Collected interview data were coded using a coding scheme keyed to conventional terms used to specify the conceptual or physical objects in the program (e.g., Viking alliance, User group, Waterboard, FLIWAS, Viking Cockpit, ROAR, EU guidelines, program manager).
Texts were coded using a coding scheme which was prepared beforehand.
The transcripts of the qualitative data were coded using a coding scheme and analyzed across selected themes and triangulated with data from the questionnaire.
21 In a first step, utterances were coded for their content and their language form using a coding scheme adopted from a study investigating the quality of handover between ED doctors and hospital doctors in the USA.
These comments were analyzed using a coding scheme following the work of DeLone and McLean [ 33] and Van Gemert-Pijnen [ 13] which distinguishes between system quality, content quality and service quality.
Data generated in interviews were analyzed by thematic content analysis, entailing identification of core meanings using a coding scheme to index, search, summarize, and analyze the data (Patton, 2002).
In addition to Likert-scale items, the Transformative Experience Survey contained three open-ended response questions; the responses were scored by two independent raters using a coding scheme for degree of out-of-school engagement.
Boyd [ 32] assessed reflective judgement using a coding scheme based on seven stages of intellectual development described by King and Kitchener: Pre-reflective thinking (stages 1-3); quasi-reflective thinking (stages 4 and 5); and reflective thinking (stages 6 and 7).
