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(b) Flowchart for user signal separation.
Therefore, the th user signal at the TEQ output is.
equivalent low-pass representation of the detected primary or secondary user signal.
Note that multi-carrier CDMA (MC-CDMA) spreads each user signal in the frequency domain, i.e., each user signal is carried over multiple parallel subcarriers and the spreading codes differ per subcarrier and per user.
In our system setup we assume a complex-valued PSK primary user signal and circular symmetric complex Gaussian (CSCG) noise.
S LP t) is the equivalent low-pass representation of the detected primary or secondary user signal.
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It is shown that antenna selection is very effective to improve the user signal-to-noise ratio while user selection can be employed to increase feasibility.
Among the previous study for energy-saving in resource allocation, some researchers focus on how to minimize transmit power under constraints such as user signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) threshold [15].
Under the assumption of perfect channel state information (CSI), the optimal and suboptimal beamforming designs were developed to maximize the minimum user signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) [1 4] or to maximize the weighted sum of user rates [5 7].
The detection of primary user signals is called spectrum sensing.
The user signals are separated first, whereafter they are individually compensated for their user-specific CFO.
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