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The suit (PDF) seeks no less than $1000 in damages per user effected and $4000 more per user in California.
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However, some authors argue this simply represents a healthy user effect [68, 69].
This synergy between the cannabinoids, terpenes, and other compounds leads to variable benefits, user effects, and strain characteristics.
If only engineering judgment is employed in the process, the outcome can be prone to so called "user effects".
Despite extensive statistical modeling, our study suggests residual confounding, sometimes referred to as the "healthy user" effect, persists.
A second analysis was conducted to explore whether statin use was simply a marker for the 'healthy user effect' (implying that statin users were healthier than non-users at baseline thereby explaining the observed decrease in severe outcomes).
We also carried out a number of sensitivity analyses: to explore level 2/3 admission and death separately as outcome measures, to look for a healthy user effect, and to determine impact of other co-morbidities not associated with statin use.
The "healthy user effect" with statins has been associated with a reduction in adverse events.
Among these biases, "healthy user" effects are a major source of such potentially confounding variables.
Having users treated with the drug(s) under investigation before inclusion could result in confounding (healthy user effect).
Therefore, observational and retrospective studies are potentially confounded by both an unhealthy user effect (a cohort often older with more coexisting cardiovascular disease) and the 'healthy user' effect [ 9].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com