The emerging heterogeneity of the cancer genomic landscape has been used to question the usefulness of large-scale screenings, the main concern being that the discovery of rare mutations adds very little to the overall knowledge of cancer genetics.
Several articles have reported the usefulness of large-balloon dilation after endoscopic sphincterotomy in removing bile duct stones.
These first studies have demonstrated the usefulness of large-scale metabolomics scans for formulating novel hypotheses on biochemical processes underpinning complex traits and diseases.
The results highlight the usefulness of large-scale genomics approaches to detect biomarkers of disease and gene signatures of infection that in future may form the basis for novel diagnostics and/or therapeutics.
The usefulness of large-scale gene expression data, as measured by microarrays, has noticeably been indicated by the successful stratification of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) [2 5].
As the UK Human Genetics Commission recently concluded: "the difficulties involved in tracing and securing re-consent for different forms of medical research may make obtaining fresh consent impractical and would seriously limit the usefulness of large-scale population databases" [ 10].
To conclude on the usefulness of the large system analysis, let us consider the upper bound on the number of NE which is given by Proposition 1.
This has led numerous stakeholders to question the usefulness of such large, expensive and time-consuming conferences [ 3, 6, 7] and the quality of the associated evaluations [ 8].
Artiodactyla, or cloven-hoofed mammals, have a highly evolved, non-invasive placental type that reduces the usefulness of traditional large animal models such as sheep for the study of trophoblast invasion (Wildman et al., 2006).
