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Transgenic Populus (poplar) trees expressing either a miRNA-resistant POPCORONA or a synthetic miRNA targeting POPCORONA were used to infer function of POPCORONA during secondary growth.
In this section, we briefly review the main computational methods used to infer function.
Computational tools are now regularly used to infer function based upon significant sequence similarity toexperimentally verifiedproteins or putative proteins.
Frequently, pairwise sequence alignment methods, such as BLAST [ 8], are then used to infer function by searching for similarity to other sequences in a reference database.
By constructing a phylogeny of this family, we have identified and named a number of orthologous groups: these can now be used to infer function of stomatin subfamilies in a meaningful way.
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Fold similarities have been shown to associate with function [13], [14], and have also been used to infer function-specific sequence patterns [15].
Currently, a great diversity of protein similarity measures are used to infer functions.
Given an association network A' = { a i j ′ }, i, j = 1... n, any of existing graph-based classification algorithms can be used to infer functions of unannotated genes.
In particular, association by guilt approach was used to infer functions of unannotated proteins: the direct neighbourhoods of proteins were examined looking for most common functions among annotated direct neighbours [ 23].
This makes the overlapping gene pairs highly valuable as a tool for function prediction as other structural prokaryotic features such as well-conserved operons, conserved distances between adjacent genes, COG groups or KEGG pathways have been used to infer functions in genomic and metagenomic data [ 8, 9].
Therefore, until we have a large-scale sampling of non-coding functional elements in the human genome that we can use to infer function of other non-coding elements, a practical solution might consist of utilizing the classical GO analysis approach, applying the proposed correction, and analyzing differences and commonalities in the results.
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