A two-parameter Weibull function was used to evaluate the failure probability of bamboo strips subjected to flexural loading.
The first-order and the second-order reliability method (FORM/SORM) are used to evaluate the failure probability of three performance functions of the ground support interaction in circular tunnels subjected to hydrostatic stresses.
Then, the fuzzy factor of safety for a given design is used to evaluate the failure probability and design robustness, which are, in turn, employed in the proposed RGD framework.
The probability value obtained by probability statistical method is a fixed value, which can be used to evaluate the cascading failure risk caused by hidden failures, but can't reflect the change of hidden failure probability value along with the real-time operating-condition such as line power flow, bus voltage, and system frequency.
Simultaneously, the simulated samples can be used to evaluate the functional failure probability with the response surface.
In addition, societal value systems may be incorporated into legal rules, government regulations and product liability laws that may be used to evaluate a particular failure.
In this context, the 6-MWT is a simple, safe and low-cost field test often used to evaluate chronic heart failure patients, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, and the elderly to regularly assess functional exercise capacity and the effects of a rehabilitation/exercise program [ 21, 22].
In other words, models that are used to evaluate the probability of failure should be evaluated more rigorously with the intent of increasing safety margin.
In both cases, the models are used to evaluate the probabilities of failure considering the chloride ingress process in reinforced concrete structures.
