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Litmus paper, for instance, can be used to determine changes in acidity caused by a chemical reaction in a laboratory beaker.
It was demonstrated that NIR spectra baselines can also be used to determine changes in mass inside the feed frame.
Oxygen and volatile organic compound probes, and multilevel samplers were used to determine changes of the primary contaminants and the associated inorganic chemistry at multiple locations and depths.
Participatory methods, including 76 focus group discussions in 38 communities with 821 individuals, were used to determine changes in the region and its drivers.
Also, the experimental model and mathematical procedures were used to determine changes in the stress strain law, caused by the action of L-arginine.
Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry combined with time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF) was used to determine changes in enzyme molecular weight.
Value-based analysis (VBA) is a management strategy used to determine changes in value (quality/cost) when a usual practice (UP) is replaced by a best practice (BP).
Multi-depth sampling bores, in situ oxygen sensors and neutron access tubes were used to determine changes in groundwater chemistry, oxygen utilisation and the fate of injected air in the aquifer.
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Bivariate comparisons were conducted by using Rao-Scott design-corrected chi-square likelihood-ratio χ 2. Linear regression was used to determine change in the rate of skateboarding-related injuries over the study period.
Point elasticity of demand method is used to determine change in demand within same demand curve, basically a very small amount of change in demand is measured through point elasticity.( Maharjan, R).
Contrast statements will be used to determine change over time in the intervention group.
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