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The economists used the raw data from Gallup survey-takers dating as far back as the 1930s — the earliest examples of scientific opinion polling.
The participants in the "prior knowledge" track used the raw data, with full knowledge of the meaning of the data representation.
However, when we compared our two cohorts we used the raw data, and we statistically adjusted for pre-diagnostic differences between both study populations.
Finkelstein, in an e-mailed comment, said he had "no idea what they mean" by misrepresentation of the Roggli data, because he used the raw data from the Duke researcher's database.
We used the raw data and fitted a model including all main effects and interactions of expertise, item type, and condition as fixed effects.
We used the raw data files from hundreds of GEONET stations in the two studied regions provided by Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (available online from terras.gsi.go.jp) with 30-s recording intervals.
Similar(40)
The peak-shift Δ2θ m ≡ 2θ SRM − 2θ obs was calculated by using the raw data.
Bolton, however, wanted his aides to receive and assign intelligence analyses and assessments using the raw data.
These artefacts obstruct analysis of the wavelet's phase structure, which is therefore done using the raw data only.
A method to estimate DSGE models using the raw data is proposed.
Using the raw data in Google's freely available files, we focused on general books in English about climate science.
More suggestions(15)
used the double data
used the visual data
used the raw measurements
used the raw frequencies
used the raw sequences
used the quantitative data
used the raw intensities
used the raw coefficients
used the normalized data
used the available data
used the same data
used the raw counts
used the raw scores
implementation the raw data
characteristics the raw data
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com