The 3-way array of state variable data (observations x outputs x time points) was first used as regressor in a test set validated N-way HC-PLSR using the parameter combinations as response-variables (inverse metamodelling).
Using the parameter combination that gave maximum likelihood in our simulations and the best fit to our data (i.e. nloci = 2, s = 0.69, Fig. S2, Table 3), 11% diploid males over the 2 years of sampling could be explained by the presence of two to four sex alleles at each locus within the Minnesota population.
Instead of covering many different parameter combinations, we used the parameters of two very different natural data sets for the simulations.
The parameter combinations used to generate the calibration set were generated using an Optimised Multi-level Binary Replacement (OMBR) Design [ 39, 40] of 9 factors (see Table 1) with 8 equally spaced levels each.
To complement this analysis, analogous classical metamodelling with N-way HC-PLSR was carried out, where the parameter combinations were used as regressor variables to predict the 3-way state trajectory array.
a Zipf-distributions were simulated using the Zipf-R package with the parameter combinations (Zipf-α: 0.01, 0.1, 0.9; Zipf-B: 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1).
Results showed that, when using the same parameter combination, FSLW joint using the reverse-threaded pin owned bigger effective sheet thickness (EST), bigger lap width and better lap shear failure strength.
Consequently, confirmation experiment is conducted using the optimal parameter combination obtained from the research results.
Factorial experimental design technique was used to investigate and select the parameter combination to achieve a coating with adequate strength and ductility.
The parameter combination used to generate Figure 1b shows a distribution with support over a wide range of within-herd prevalences.
