In Rasch measurement, extreme response categories always approach a probability of 1 asymptotically because it is assumed that respondents with infinitely high (resp. low) measures must be observed in the highest (resp. lowest) categories regardless of the manner in which those categories are defined substantively or used by the sample [ 34].
Only a few articles present or use quantitative data substantively in their analysis, and only one is based on statistical analysis (Bor 2007, considering HIV/AIDS leadership).
As expected the accuracy of the weights used in the risk index substantively affect statistical power; however, the impact was less than we had anticipated (see Table 4).
To understand the effect of instruction type on item-type, items for which three or more raters agreed (majority coding) were used in the analyses (findings were substantively the same when analyses were restricted to the 16 consensus coding items).
Long-term illness was imputed by carrying forward and backwards and analyses repeated; the method was not found to affect results substantively, so backward imputation was used for transient non-response because illness is a plausible cause.
Clear edge of the sample can be visualized in the image when the designed grid is used and the quality of the image is substantively improved.
To assess whether exonic regions surrounding the sites of established introns, singly gained or parallelly gained introns, differed substantively, an original Python script was used to compare their lengths, base composition, repeat content, and repeat frequency.
For r-values Fisher Z-transformations were performed prior to averaging, but no further transformations (e.g. logit transformation of P-values) were used, as these have been reported to not substantively alter results [ 6].
28 29 We used a deductive approach to reduce the data to substantively relevant categories.
In his resignation letter, Freedman wrote that Scocos had used AB 96 to eliminate several key committees and councils that "substantively dealt with issues facing the veterans community and significantly contributed to the work of the Board and Department".
