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In opposite to the Continuous Wave photoexcitation, we used Pulse Width Modulation of photoexcitation intensity, and confirm such behavior with a simple, time – resolved differential rate equations based model.
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This supply uses flyback converter at 1.5 kVP, 30 kHz and controls its operation using pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques.
Two sliding-mode controllers, one using pulse width modulation, and the other switching control, are designed and tested.
Other functionalities have been integrated in this controller like LED lighting using Pulse Width Modulation and a "NIM Wilkinson ADC" data acquisition.
In addition, the thermal management system using pulse width modulation (PWM) schemes could limit the operation temperature of the fuel cell generator in a designed range.
A simple control system has been designed that can apply a desired voltage to the IPMC using pulse width modulation, for obtaining a particular deformation.
The device under THH-VCSOA bias configuration is also electrically biased with an applied voltage of 40 V, using pulse width of 50 μs and repetition rate of 9.2 ms.
The associated practical problems and the proposed solutions are detailed; like fixed frequency by using pulse width modulation (PWM) as solution and overshoot limitation of the inductor current by using current limiter.
Thus, by intermittent operation of the system using pulse width modulation control (PWM), the electricity demand for the water circulation pumps can be reduced by more than 50% compared to continuous operation.
Furthermore, using pulse width modulation (PWM) technique to operate the activation periods of the DMD mirrors effectively controlled the exposure and achieved a feature linewidth of less than 10 μm.
The acceleration signal was modulated to an optic signal using pulse width modulation (PWM), and the modulated optic signal was transmitted outside the fMRI room using a light emitting diode (LED) and optic cable.
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