Analogously, this hypothesis forms the foundation of a new co-evolution model in manufacturing between products design and manufacturing capabilities which is mathematically formulated and interpreted using parsimony analysis of cladograms.
These species also grouped into single networks in the statistical parsimony analysis due to their haplotype similarity and were also not resolved using parsimony analysis.
This is equivalent to the bootstrapping value in PAUP (Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony analysis) analyses.
Phylogeny was inferred using parsimony analysis by PAUP*4.0-beta for UNIX/LINUX (Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA, USA) with the ixotid tick ecdysone receptor used as the outgroup.
Character history was computed using parsimony analysis, with presence or absence of a genome segment treated as a discrete category character.
The segregation of A. paraguariensis from other Erectoides species was also observed in phylogeny based on ITS data using parsimony analysis [ 22].
Support for clades was estimated using parsimony bootstrap analysis in PAUP* with 1,000 replicates, TBR branch swapping, simple taxon addition with one tree held at each step, and a maximum of 100 trees saved per replicate in order to decrease the time needed to run large bootstrap replicates.
For example, Gray and Jordan (2000) used a parsimony analysis of a large language data set to adjudicate between competing hypotheses about the speed of the spread of Austronesian languages through the Pacific.
Gap information was used for parsimony analysis only.
