Sentence examples for used null models to from inspiring English sources
We used null models to test the significance of each species climatic distribution model [43].
We used null models to simulate the random phenotypic patterns expected in the absence of competition or prey defences and analysed the deviations of the observed phenotypic pattern from these expected random patterns.
We censused ant communities in 39 plots on 11 islands and used null models to test for community assembly rules on two spatial scales (i.e. within and among islands).
Evaluating endophyte communities associated with several genotypes of maize, Pan and May 20099) used null models to test for species that were found together more or less often than would be expected by chance, a hypothesized signal of facilitation and competition.
Vaughan, I. P. et al. econullnetr: an R package using null models to analyse the structure of ecological networks and identify resource selection.
Furthermore, we used null-models to test for significance of MaxEnt models and verified whether the models obtained differed significantly from what would be expected by chance, which is in accordance with the method of Raes and ter Steege [81].
In addition, in benchmarking empirical measurements on PPINs we used null models generated via recently developed rigorously unbiased algorithms.
We used null model 2 of Phylocom 4.1 to generate null communities.
On the other hand, if each sex is treated as two morphospecies when using null models, the results will be difficult to interpret because the overlap within a species may not be statistically or biologically equivalent to overlap between species [51].
Using null models with row sums and column sums constrained respectively, we explore whether species turnover is driven by mechanisms of ecological differences (species-specific occupancies) or habitat heterogeneity (site-specific alpha diversity and thus environmental filters).
Similar results were recently obtained by Borregaard and Rahbek [34] and Villalobos and Arita [35] using null models based on a spreading-dye algorithm with constant range-sizes.
