Sentence examples for used mutation rate from inspiring English sources

We used mutation rate estimates for specific mutational events to judge relative probabilities of different scenarios.

To convert the estimates of IMa into demographic units, an inheritance scalar of 0.25 for mitochondrial data (i.e. θ = Neμ) and generation time of one year were used; mutation rate μCOI for COI was assumed to be 6.504×10−6 substitutions per year per locus, which is equivalent to the average invertebrate COI rate of 1.5% substitutions per site per lineage per million years [37].

Because we only have calibrations for c-myc among the nuclear dataset and for mitochondrial cyt b gene, we used mutation rate scalars estimated in IMa2.

In order to explore f and the impenetrable fraction (1 - f) of a given demography, all combinations of four different simulation parameters have been used: mutation rate, sequence length, sample size and recombination rate.

When employing a commonly used mutation rate for grasses of 6.5*10-9 [ 20- 22], estimated by Gaut et al. [ 23], the synonymous divergence level between OsLRR-PSR and IRI-like sequences suggested a MRCA about 75 Mya.

To estimate the relative mutation rates, we used mutation rates obtained by an analysis of processed pseudogenes [ 27, 28] and direct estimates of mutation rates derived from an analysis of mutations causing Mendelian diseases in humans [ 29].

Many studies have used mutation rates based on species' divergences dated by a geological event, such as the closure of the Isthmus of Panama, or the opening of the Bering Strait.

The coalescent age estimates were calculated by Rho statistics [ 54] and using mutation rate of one synonymous transition per 6,764 years [ 2] calibrated on the basis of an assumed human-chimp split of 6.5 million years ago.

We generated reference data by taking duplicate copies of the human composite sequence and computationally mutating the second copy at random using mutation rates of 5 20% (approximately that observed between the real sequences).

Another potential problem arises by using mutation rates that are not taxon specific.

Using mutation rates, the results were similar, but with smaller differences by smear status and HIV status of the subsequent case (p = 0.06 and 0.08, respectively).