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CVNetica evaluates overfitting using several complexity metrics (we used level of discretization) and its impact on performance metrics (we used skill).
The used level of implicitness requires a solution of the three-dimensional linear elliptic equation at each time step, which is accomplished efficiently by vertical decoupling and subsequent application of fast and accurate multigrid solvers for the most significant vertical modes, and fast and simpler solvers for the secondary ones.
We performed the same analysis at two hierarchical levels of species aggregation in order to map continuous gradients in the composition of both species and plant functional types (PFTs), the latter of which is the most widely used level of aggregation in northern ecosystems.
The coefficient estimate of 1.01 for the slope ((widehat {beta })), which does not differ from a value of one at any conventionally used level of rejection, concurs almost perfectly with the prior of the interest-parity condition.
Here, in addition to clutch size, we used level of brood reduction in successful nests (those that escaped of predation and produced at least one fledgling) as a second proxy of level of sibling competition for parental attention.
Similar to previous studies, we used level of treatment received to classify disease severity.
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The work was the first to be carried out in realistic, open-air conditions and used levels of neonicotinoids found in fields.
A 2×2 experimental design used levels of service quality and performance controlled and manipulated.
Poulikakos and his colleagues used levels of about 160 decibels; that's louder than standing near a rocket launch and is enough to rupture a human eardrum.
And the Economist Intelligence Unit's Index of Democracy has used levels of democracy to identify countries at risk around the world.
The study used levels of BPA similar to those to which humans are exposed though our food and drink and many consumer products including receipts.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com