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We show that the software performs as well as commonly used leaf area meters, even when measuring highly complex leaf forms.
Commonly used leaf area indices are the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), both available from satellite sensors such as the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS).
While Assmann (1970) defined APA by the crown projection area of a tree plus a proportional part of the surrounding gaps (or minus the proportional overlaps with other trees), we used leaf area instead of crown projection area for defining APA, because leaf area is supposed to reflect the respective growing space more accurately (Assmann, 1970).
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Measurement of leaf area was performed using leaf area meter (Systronics 211, India).
We use leaf area index (LAI) as a measure of the accuracy of model-predicted LAI values in comparison to LAI in crop canopies in situ, obtaining r2 values ranging from 0.82 to 0.92.
Maintenance respiration and growth respiration components are derived from allometric relationships linking daily biomass (leaf biomass is calculated using leaf area index (LAI) and specific leaf area defined for each plant functional type (PFT) [43]) and annual growth of plant tissues to satellite-derived estimates of leaf area index.
The objective of this study was to examine the effects of using leaf area index (LAI) and three different aggregated land cover classification products two factors derived from remotely sensed data and strongly affect NPP estimates in a light use efficiency (LUE) model to estimate NPP in a heterogeneous temperate forest landscape in northern Wisconsin, USA.
Maintenance respiration and growth respiration components are derived from allometric relationships linking daily biomass (leaf biomass is calculated using leaf area index (LAI) and specific leaf area defined for each plant functional type (PFT) [ 43]) and annual growth of plant tissues to satellite-derived estimates of leaf area index.
ImageJ, the most common software used for leaf area measurement, uses a threshold-based pixel count measurement to calculate leaf area (Orsini et al., 2010; Warman et al., 2011; Juneau and Tarasoff, 2012; Carins Murphy et al., 2012; Schneider et al., 2012; Easlon et al., 2014).
We compare the rates on the dry mass basis (Fig. 1A and B) used by Sand-Jensen et al. (1992) and also on a projected leaf surface area basis (Fig. 1C and D); conversions used specific leaf area (SLA) data in the literature (Fig. 2; Appendix 1).
Expressing pollen deposition in units of n/cm2, Perry et al. [7] used a leaf area size of 0.03 cm2 as a reference, as the feeding behaviour of young larvae is important.
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