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Headspace extraction used for volatile analytes in solid or liquid samples is preferable technique for a quality control but the sensitivity is limited (Pawliszyn 2000).
The optimized HS-SPME conditions were used for volatile analysis of leaf (Hinge et al. 2016) and mature grain (Mathure et al. 2011) samples.
Further samples were powdered using liquid nitrogen and distributed into 3 aliquots and stored at −80 °C, one used for volatile analysis, 2nd for RNA extraction and 3rd for other metabolite analysis.
Different extraction protocols tailor to different compound classes based on several solvents (e.g., methanol/water/chloroform mixture used for simultaneous extraction of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds or solid phase extraction used for volatile metabolites [40]), limiting coverage of the metabolome (Figure 1B).
Frozen samples of fruit mesocarp were ground to powder in liquid nitrogen and used for volatile and microarray analyses as follows.
We used the same set of flower and leaf samples for gene expression analysis that were also used for volatile collections.
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PDMS/Carboxen is predominantly used for relatively small volatiles, compounds between 2 10 carbons and low MW compounds (MW = 30 225), while PDMS/DVB is used for volatiles, amines, nitro-aromatic compounds, ranging from 50 300 Daltons.
The materials used for volatiles analysis were bought from a local H. coronarium cut flowers farm.
Five individuals each of both sexes were used for floral volatile collection and three individuals of each sex were selected for leaf volatile collection.
While agents in all of these categories are intentionally used for intoxication, volatile solvents are cheap and easy to obtain and are the most commonly used class of abused inhalants.
Although the microapparatus is commercially available and has been used for extracting volatile components from natural materials, few practical applications have been reported for accurate quantitative analyses.
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