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Such qualitative analysis becomes ineffective when used for closely related and almost native like structures.
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In many parts of its range, peregrines now also nest regularly on tall buildings or bridges; these human-made structures used for breeding closely resemble the natural cliff ledges that the peregrine prefers for its nesting locations.
When arrays represent coding sequences, they can also be used for genotyping closely related species [ 2].
The photon propagation model used for FMT closely follows the perturbation Monte Carlo model described for functional tomography [ 26, 31].
Therefore a combination of AluI, BfaI, MspI or HaeIII can be used for distinguishing closely related organisms.
For example, in medical genetics it is used for excluding closely related individuals from association studies and thereby to avoid inflated false positive rates.
Virosomes are lipid-based antigen delivery systems using phospholipids to build reconstituted virus envelopes which can be used for vaccination, closely mimicking the natural virus (Huckriede et al 2005).
However, these tests could hardly be used for phylogenetically closely related species and groups (e.g., Baikal oilfish), especially when the analysis is restricted to a small DNA fragment (Cytb).
Assuming a constant mutation rate of 10-6 per site per generation (one estimate used for a closely related lemur species [ 33]) and using the range of modes obtained for the samples, we can calculate the time of the expansions as tau*/(2× mu), where tau* is the mode of the mismatch distribution and mu is the mutation rate for the whole sequence.
We used a genome annotation pipeline similar to that used for the closely-related P. chrysogenum genome [ 17].
The nature of the materials and techniques used for inscriptions is closely tied to the external purpose of the record itself.
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