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Conclusions: Canine retraction proceeds at a faster rate when titanium microimplants are used for anchorage.
A Kirschner wire size 1 1.5 mm (matching the patient's distal phalanx thickness) was used for anchorage.
The greater stiffness of the two-arm RPEs may be linked to their smaller size, which allows them to be positioned on the same axis as the crowns of the molars used for anchorage.
In retraction mechanics, temporary anchorage devices (TADs) or orthodontic mini-implants (OMIs) are used for anchorage purposes [4, 5], which gained popularity and are used successfully in orthodontic treatment.
It is worth noting that 180° anchor spikes are typically used to anchor FRP strengthening systems where geometric complexities in concrete members require that the FRP sheet or plate must be discontinued (Type II or III anchorage), whereas 90° anchor spikes are typically used for anchorage throughout the length of the FRP laminate, or near its termination (Type I anchorage).
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The resulting cell lines were used for anchorage-independent growth assays and xenograft experiments.
After the repeated treatment with arsenite for 8 weeks, the cells were used for anchorage-independent growth assay, which was performed as described previously (Huang et al. 1999; Yan et al. 2006).
Miniscrew implants (MSIs) also known as temporary anchorage devices (TADs) are used for enhancing anchorage and are now a well-accepted armamentarium in clinical orthodontic practice.
Various kinds of mini-implants have been used for orthodontic anchorage reinforcement ever since Kanomi et al. [13] suggested titanium mini-implants as intraoral anchorage devices.
Suction caissons are frequently used for the anchorage of large compliant offshore structures.
Kanomi [13] however, believed that, from an orthodontic point of view, when mini-implants are used for skeletal anchorage, it is the cortical bone which provides this.
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