Although C is often used for compound identification, it is usually recorded indirectly using experiments such as HSQC (heteronuclear single quantum correlation), HMBC (heteronuclear multiple bond correlation), or their variants, all of which employ H detection.
The polonium is a layer of plating which in turn is plated with a material such as gold, which allows the alpha radiation (used in experiments such as cloud chambers) to pass while preventing the polonium from being released and presenting a toxic hazard.
A quadrupole mass filter was included in the GC/Q-Orbitrap design to boost instrument sensitivity in targeted and trace analyses, used in experiments such as targeted selected ion monitoring (SIM), targeted MS/MS, or data-dependent MS/MS.
The device was characterized using electrochemical experiments such as cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy and potential transient measurements.
We say that X is a cause of Y (and Y is an effect of X) and denote this by X→Y if the probability distribution of Y changes for some experimental manipulation of X. Causal molecular interactions can be discovered using randomized experiments such as interference with RNA (e.g., shRNA, siRNA); however such experiments are often costly, infeasible, or unethical.
Airplanes used in field experiments, such as the Lockheed P-3 aircraft employed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAAA) in the United States, are heavily instrumented and often carry Doppler radar, turbulence sensors, and in situ measurement devices for cloud water, cloud ice content, and structure.
In fact, there are other printing materials that have greater brittleness than those used in our experiments, such as plastic and gypsum (Jiang and Zhao 2015; Jiang et al. 2016).
The proposed CubeSat can also be used for fundamental experiments such as Bell tests which require a SNR of only 4.8 (as opposed to the SNR of 8.8/15.1 needed by QKD), clock synchronization, light pollution measurements and earth/atmosphere observation at the beacon wavelengths.
We observed such convection current-induced disturbance of the infection spread in the case of some cell types used in preliminary experiments, such as swine testis cells (ST) or canine (MDCK) and human kidney cells (HEK293) (data not shown).
A distinct advantage of this method is that proliferating cells are viable and can be used for additional experiments such as immunophenotyping and functional analyses.
