In other cases, newness in financial innovation is not derived only from creating something that does not already exist but also from using existing instruments, practices, and technologies in new ways (Bhole and Mahakud, 2009) that may change over time (Gubler, 2011; Lerner and Tufano, 2011).
System quality, information quality, service quality, perceived usefulness, user satisfaction, and PACS dependence were measured using existing instruments.
What she has accomplished in four years at the school is proof that the most important educational goals are often those that are impossible to assess using existing instruments.
Results of this study suggest that using existing instruments can be a cost effective way of meeting the required SIL, which eliminates all the hassle and potential risk introduced when bringing in new instruments to the design.
For individual ST, a random selection of video-recordings will be rated using existing instruments [ 16, 63] by trained raters.
They were developed carefully by applying thorough qualitative research methods, in several instances even different qualitative research approaches concurrently, like grounded theory (using focus groups and/or Delphi panels), reviewing literature and/or using existing instruments.
The advantage of using existing instruments to measure patients' perspectives of palliative care quality is that they have been developed within a palliative care context, including patients' views in the development process.
This would then enable family physicians to identify those with high caring commitments [ 58] and to provide proactive support, for example, using existing instruments to identify pain, anxiety and depression among carers, treating where appropriate [ 3, 4, 59].
By using existing instruments or modifying those that had previously been used in similar settings, we have minimized the development costs, taken advantage of existing reliability measures and maximized the comparability of our data with existing and future studies using those instruments.
Thus, in-depth, qualitative research with FM patients is needed that focuses on exploring the experience of fatigue in FM in order to provide an understanding of how it can be best measured (which may be through using existing instruments or through the development of a new, FM-specific measure of fatigue).
