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Characterization of the cycled electrodes showed that the carbon gel was resistant to electrochemical anodic oxidation under the polarization conditions used (applied voltage of up to 1.2 V), whereas the electrodes produced from the two commercial carbon materials undergo severe modifications (oxidation and a decrease in surface area) when the applied voltage was maintained for several cycles.
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We demonstrate that ISA can be used to generate robust thin films, stable over a large pH range, whose coloration and conductivity may be manipulated on a large scale using applied voltage, and may be fine-tuned by changing the pH.
From the obtained results, we used the applied voltage at 15 kV for further experiment.
When a double-layer thin-film PZT micro-actuator was used, an applied voltage of ±15 V was sufficient to obtain 0.9866 μm tip displacement of the cantilever beam and high-resonance frequency over 16.67 kHz, yielding the required servo bandwidth (13 kHz) of several kHz.
2D and 3D grapahene oxide architectures were characterized using ultra-high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM HITACHI) and a JEOL 2010-F microscope (TEM) using an applied voltage of 200 kV.
Baseline resolutions of enantiomers of five basic chiral drugs (namely, darifenacin, citalopram, sertraline, propranolol and metoprolol) were attained using a background electrolyte composed of water:methanol (90 10, v/v) and consisting of 10.7 or 16.1 mM CS at 20 °C using an applied voltage of 5 kV.
The capacitor was charged using an applied voltage.
The morphological analyses were carried out through a scanning electron microscopy (model JSM-5600LV, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan) using an applied voltage of 20 kV.
The process uses an applied voltage to generate a stable fluid jet with a predictable path, that is continuously deposited onto a collector.
It seems paradoxical to obtain an increase of electric field through the tunnel oxide when using decreasing applied voltage by an increased of the coupling ratio.
The pulse electro-Fenton (PEF) process using the applied voltage and reaction time in the obtained optimal condition was performed afterward.
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