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We used aggregate measures of women's and men's schooling, women's income, and household income.
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The clinical or "characteristics of the individual" approach, which is rooted on the notion of diseases as discrete entities, views problems associated with excessive alcohol intake as part of a condition with a characteristic natural history and is measured using aggregate measures of alcohol problems which operationally define a clinical entity.
Most of these studies were conducted at the hospital level using aggregate measures for costs and outcomes.
The first is that researchers should be cautious when interpreting the results of studies using aggregate measures as proxies for individual and household income.
The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was used as aggregate measure of predictive performance.
Because cortisol in milk was associated with the caloric content in milk (fat and protein) and the volume of milk (yield), we used the aggregate measure of AME (Hinde 2009; Hinde and Capitanio 2010) as a covariate during AICc model selection to evaluate the independent contributions of cortisol to infant outcomes.
This estimate has an SD given by These formulae were used to compute aggregate measures of ERR and their associated 95% confidence intervals [obtained as ERRtot ± N0.975 × sd ERRtot)] in Table 2. (N0.975 ≈ 1.96 is the 97.5th percentile point of the standard normal distribution).
While outcomes for individual patients are most important from a clinical point of view, an ecologic perspective is also useful to assess the relationship of aggregate antimicrobial drug use to aggregate measures of bacterial resistance.
A major challenge of this study was the imprecision of exposure assessment from using aggregate municipal measures for classifying individual exposures.
The angularity and form 2D values of different sizes and types of fine aggregates were measured using Aggregate Image Measurement System (AIMS) in accordance with AASHTO TP 81.
Previous studies used aggregate data.
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