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Dr. Terman found it serendipitously when he used a negative ion generator as a placebo control for bright light, only to discover that high-flow negative ions had positive effects on mood.
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The DNB uses a negative ion beam as the primary beam to achieve a required performance with acceptable system efficiency (a higher neutralisation efficiency and smaller beam divergence).
We use a negative-ion implantation technique for surface modification for novel biological purpose.
In the commonly used experimental configuration (Fig. 1), a single-mode high power (continuous or pulsed) laser beam is used to irradiate a negative ion particle beam, to avoid a possible "bar-code" interaction effect potentially induced by the use of a multimode laser (irregular temporal profile) [14, 27, 43].
The samples were analyzed in a negative ion mode by using a total acceleration voltage of 20 kV with an 18.25-kV 18.25-kVon voltagextractionttenuation of 55 and delayed extraction of long time delay.
A Quattro Ultima tandem-quadrupole mass spectrometer (Micromass, Manchester, UK) equipped with an electrospray ionization source was used in negative ion mode.
The only previously reported LC MS/MS assay for GCK in human plasma used the negative ion mode and digoxin as IS.
Accurate mass measurements were obtained by means of ion correction techniques using reference masses at m/z 121.0509 (protonated purine) and 922.0098 [protonated hexakis (1H, 1H, 3H-tetrafluoropropoxy) phosphazine or HP-921] in positive ion mode, while at m/z 112.9856 (deprotonated trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)) and 1033.9881 (TFA adducted HP-921) they were used in negative ion mode.
High-resolution mass spectrometry was performed using an Apex IV 7 T FTICR MS (Bruker Daltonics, Billerica, MA, USA) equipped with an Apollo electrospray ion source which was used in the negative ion mode (capillary voltage 4.2 kV, end plate voltage 3.8 kV).
In the ITER neutral beam injectors caesium will be used in the negative ion source to enhance the ion yield, by lowering the surface work function, and to reduce the co-extracted electrons.
The results demonstrate that DESI-MS can be used efficiently in negative ion mode to monitor oxidation of fatty acids due to their aging both in pure forms and on the surfaces of solid food samples.
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