For all simulations, I used a data structure of eight population pairs, with a single 1000 base-pair locus sampled from 10 individuals from each population.
For all power simulations, I used a data structure identical to that of the empirical dataset of Philippine vertebrates analyzed by Oaks et al. [ 7], which consists of 22 pairs of populations.
The model used for data simulation was a simple polygenic additive model which did not take into account maternal effect, inbreeding depression and unbalanced family sizes.
We simulated data for 1200 subjects using exact data simulation [35].
The cost-effectiveness of pregabalin versus venlafaxine XR was recently examined from the point of view of the Spanish National Health System, but this evaluation used a simulation model and data from a short-term clinical trial, 23 which health care decision-makers may consider as not being representative of real-world clinical practice.
Our simulation used a simple data aggregation strategy, in which a node which receives data from a lower layer removes the headers and forwards the incoming data with its own data.
While equifinality exists to some extent in all studies of social learning, I make suggestions for how to address instances of it, with an emphasis on using data simulation and methodological verification alongside modern statistical approaches that emphasize prediction and model comparison.
DeepMind's most recent research work on AlphaZero, however, also used a simulation with no human training data.
Next, we use data simulation to illustrate the potentially huge bias in estimating variance components on the basis of sum scores.
Whereas previous work in this area has focused primarily on making theoretical predictions of optimal sampling strategies [14], [17], our work uses extensive data simulations, over a broad range of both number of loci sampled and total sequence length sampled, to explore the validity of those predictions.
