Current smoking status was confirmed using a closed question.
Academic performance was assessed, in Cycles 4 through 6, using a closed question: "How well do you think you are doing in your school work?" [ 50].
Additionally, the farmers were asked their opinion regarding changes in their practice concerning euthanasia over the past 5 years using a closed question.
Cigarette smoking was assessed using a closed question adapted from the HBSC survey asking youth about their past experience with tobacco smoking [ 41].
Sedentary behavior was measured in Cycles 4, 5 and 6 using a closed question from the HBSC survey: "On average, about how many hours a day do you watch television or videos?" [ 41].
If you say the wrong thing or accidentally use a closed ended question and sabotage your self out of habit, just take note of it.
For example, a closed question was "How important is it to you that the following structure should be used in this section?" Panel members responded to closed questions using a 1 5 Likert scale with the anchors, 1=not important, 5=very important.
Item 18 (item difficulty = −1.063 logits), for instance, addresses the ability to recognize and establish that the author's decision to apply a written survey with a closed-ended response format is reasonable (e.g., because a larger number of persons can be questioned when using a closed format).
The final survey (N = 679, Cronbach's alpha of 0.92) used primarily closed questions, but also some open-ended questions (see Additional file 1 for the full survey instrument).
The feedback questionnaire is divided into two parts: a quantitative part evaluating the content and process of teaching using 16 closed questions with a 5 point agree-disagree scale, and a qualitative part comprising 5 open-ended questions and space for the students' free comments (Table 3).
