For example, XML documents are serialized as Unicode character strings, whereas ASN.1 uses a binary encoding.
To run the SAA, suitable encoding for each of the optimizing parameters needs to be specified in terms of variation range, precision step and number of bits, since we use a binary encoding for a more thorough solution space exploration.
We constructed analogous first-, second-, and third-order models using a binary encoding system, in which each variable is 1 if the respective genetic state is at a given position, and 0 otherwise (e.g., glu25 is 1 if there is a glu at position 25, and 0 in all other cases).
We used a binary scale (yes/no).
These gene targets can be scored using a binary or quantitative encoding that indicates outlier status relative to other samples.
When used with Gaussian or Linear kernels, all feature vectors were extracted from sequence data using a canonical binary encoding (each amino acid position in the primary sequence was matched by 20 binary values in the feature vector).
We used a set of jackknife trees, an inversion distance matrix, and a binary encoding of the gene order as intermediate data.
Then, the resulting string is encoded using a binary antipodal modulation, yielding the to be transmitted message m k.
The encoder decides whether a particular bit-plane is SW encoded or encoded in intra mode using a binary arithmetic entropy coder.
