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Hence, De Los Reyes and Kazdin [ 1] recommended that future investigations use the standardized difference score when discrepancies are related to informant characteristics.
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We chose to use the standardized differences together (standardized effect sizes and standardized increments) in order to allow comparability between continuous and dichotomous outcomes [ 15].
We did not use the standardized differences test in this study because the test was usually used at the condition of having at least twenty polymorphic loci.
We used the standardized difference to measure the variable balance, whereby a standardized difference above 0.1 represented a meaningful imbalance.
We used the standardized difference to measure covariate balance, whereby an absolute standardized difference above 20% represents meaningful imbalance.
Balance between exposed and unexposed subjects in propensity models is commonly assessed by using the standardized difference (16).
We used the standardized difference, which is the mean difference (between cases and controls) divided by the common within-group standard deviation for cardiac parameters.
In analyses that pooled the two types of studies, we used the standardized difference in outcomes, regardless of the type of outcome.
In this study, we used the standardized difference score to measure informant discrepancies: the teachers' z score was subtracted from the parents' z score.
In comparison with the other disease-specific instruments used, the standardized differences in PSO-LIFE scores between patients with active and inactive disease were larger than the differences found on the DLQI and PDI (standardized differences of 0.85 standard deviations on the PSO-LIFE compared to 0.79 on the DLQI and 0.62 on the PDI).
When the outcome is not measured in identical units across studies, one can use the standardized mean difference for each study (SMDi), in which the difference in the means is divided by the pooled standard deviation.
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