All gray-scale US and color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) images were obtained by using the same scanner (S2000 US machine, Siemens Medical Solutions, Mountain View, CA, USA) and same linear array transducer (9L4, Siemens Medical Solutions, Mountain View, CA, USA) with a center frequency of 7.5 MHz (range, 5.0 14.0 MHz).
The images were all acquired using the same scanner (Philips Brilliance 64, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) with 2 mm slice thickness, 1 mm inter-slice distance and reconstructions in the coronal plane.
Since model accuracy is dependent on the methods used in the calculation of BMD and density-mechanical property relationships, it is important to use relationships developed for the same anatomical location and using the same scanner settings, as these may impact model accuracy.
For the clinical data, sinograms and attenuation CTs were collected for ten oncology patients with a variety of malignancies acquired and reconstructed using the same scanner and four reconstruction protocols used in the phantom study (data courtesy of Lemmen-Holton PETCT, Grand Rapids, MI).
A low-dose CT scan for attenuation correction was performed using the same scanner directly after PET; in addition where the administration of a contrast agent (Omnipaque 350, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, USA) was not contraindicated (serum creatinine level >1.5 mg/dl or estimated glomerular filtration rate <60ml/min), a diagnostic carotid angiogram (CTA) was performed using bolus tracking.
Blots were scanned using the same scanner.
The ROIs used to extract the signal in the pMNS have been extensively examined in our laboratory using the same scanner and analysis software [21], [32], [39].
Cells were scanned using the same scanner and analyzed using the same software as detailed in the previous section.
During the same imaging session, He spin density images were acquired using the same scanner and coil.
FDG PET/CT was done using the same scanner (Gemini PET/CT system; Philips, Milpitas, CA, USA).
