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In particular, a large number use the normalized difference vegetation index to infer spatial and temporal shifts in the fraction of visible light intercepted (fφp.a,) by vegetation.
Following previous studies in other contexts, we use the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI; calculated from spectral reflectance measurements in the red and near-infrared regions), a variable linearly related to the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by vegetation (fPAR), as a relative measure of plant production [44] [49].
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We delineated the landscape structure using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) method.
Turf quality was measured using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI).
Early efforts to characterize this association used the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to represent ecosystem energy.
Urban GS was extracted using the normalized difference vegetation index based on GF-1 remote sensing images.
Vegetation density in each sub-catchment was estimated using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), a widely used indicator of photosynthetic absorption that is derived from remote sensing imagery (see Supplementary Methods).
We examine the spatial distribution of these interventions in relation to population density and to trends in precipitation and in greenness using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, or NDVI.
Changes in the thicket condition, in relation to the AENP expansion, were analyzed using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, postclassification, and landscape metrics.
Snow covered pixels were retrieved using the normalized difference snow index (NDSI) and unsupervised classification, and pixels having greater (less) than 50% snow cover were classified presence (absence).
The radiation use efficiency approach uses the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from satellite data (MODIS TERRA), along with estimates of solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere (Ro) and canopy (Rs).
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