HHEX, is important for proliferation of thyroid cell precursors and for thyroid morphogenesis [ 17].
Studies on thyroid-pituitary functioning, including indications of thyroid cell growth and/or changes in thyroxine, triiodothyronine, or thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, are available on 19 pesticides.
Thyroid follicular cell tumors arise in rodents from mutations, perturbations of thyroid and pituitary hormone status with increased stimulation of thyroid cell growth by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), or a combination of the two.
Several in vitro studies have demonstrated estradiol-induced proliferation of thyroid cells using the most commonly used assays, such as bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation, 3- 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl -2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), H-thymidine incorporation, and trypan blue solution [ 8].
Increased thyrotropin stimulates both the excess secretion of thyroid hormones and the excess growth of thyroid cells, thereby causing an enlargement of the thyroid gland (goitre).
TPO-Abs only play a limited causative role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid failure by aiding in the destruction of thyroid cells (Groot de et al. 2000).
The presence of NIS on the basolateral membrane of thyroid cells has been exploited for many years for diagnostic imaging purposes, as well as for ablative therapy of differentiated thyroid cancer by using radioactive iodide (I).
In adults it is expressed in thyroid follicular cells and is indispensable for the differentiation of thyroid cells [ 5].
Prolonged stimulation of the thyroid can lead to hypertrophy and hyperplasia of thyroid cells, which can cause thyroid enlargement or goiter.
In order to determine the status of the estrogen receptor in thyroid cells, we used four thyroid cell lines as our cell culture models.
