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Finite-element-based OPERA-2D software was used to calculate electric-field distribution by studying the effects of solid spacer dimensions and relative permittivity, application of functionally graded material (FGM) and the use of spacers with metalized cavities and shields.
Primary outcomes were: use of spacers for salbutamol instead of nebulisers, use of ipratropium and use of corticosteroids.
It is possible to use spacers, which lessen the indentations on a measured sample by spreading the pressure over a larger area, however the use of spacers can make the analysis more cumbersome.
Following the implementation there was an increase in the use of spacers from 17to26%6% [absolute difference: +9%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2 16%; p = 0.015] and a reduction in the use of ipratropium from 58 to 44% (absolute difference: −13%; 95% CI: −22 to −5%; p = 0.0029).
The length of the assembled implant can be adjusted by the use of spacers (Link 2005).
Deposition of active medication in the oropharyngeal cavity is dependent on the delivery device and can be decreased with the use of spacers.
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Spiral-wound membrane modules used in water treatment for water reuse and desalination make use of spacer meshes for keeping the membrane leaves apart and for enhancing the mass transfer.
Alternative techniques involve a lateral incomplete open-wedge osteotomy with use of spacer plates [7].
To improve the recovery of epitopes in SBVs, several groups have suggested the use of spacer sequences between epitopes [ 15– 17] (Fig. 1a).
All patients received in-depth instruction on the use of their personalized medical treatment plan, as well as instructions for medication use, including use of spacer devices with metered-dose inhalers.
Although we do not have direct experience on this, the use of hydroxyapatite spacers with this technique should be carefully considered because of the risk of breakage of the spacer with screwing.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com