A purposely designed experimental fixture for simultaneous and reliable monitoring of moisture, salts and spontaneous electrical polarization in masonry walls is proposed, based on the combined use of permanent sampling points and electrodes.
To examine the simultaneous effects of endogenous processes and climate change, we used data from a network of Permanent Sample Plots (PSPs), established throughout Alberta and Saskatchewan.
We used the Permanent Sample of Beneficiaries which was, at the time of the study, a representative sample of 1/97th health insurance beneficiaries of the main Social Security scheme, the General Health Insurance Scheme, covering approximately 77 % of the French resident population.
We used 157 permanent sample plots (PSP), 41 of which originated from fire and 116 were from clear-cuts.
A few critical challenges of these community-based monitoring systems include the efficacy of high-intensity annual monitoring using permanent sample plots, lack of spatial extrapolation power to address changes beyond the sample plots, such as forest cover loss and degradation, and the reliable quantification of carbon dynamics over the entire study area [14].
Here, we use a network of 1279 permanent sample plots across western boreal forests of Canada to specifically test whether stands on well drained sites had greater temporal decreases in growth (here defined as biomass added through both growth of surviving stems and recruitment of new stems), and temporal increases in mortality than stands on less drained sites during the past half-century.
Although an increase of sampling intensity is called for in locations with high degradation activities, the use of permanent plots selected with fixed selection probabilities precludes this type of adaptation.
Traditional field-based National Forest Inventories NFII) allow for estimates of change in growing stock and biomass, and do so primarily by periodic field measurement using permanent sample plots (PSPs; [17]).
In our study, the mean top height measurement closest to age 20 years was used for each permanent sample plot.
Models were developed using a dataset of 4108 permanent sample plots from throughout New Zealand.
