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The bias was manifested in the prosecutors' use of peremptory strikes of prospective jurors during the jury selection process.
At issue was the prosecution's use of peremptory challenges to strike 91percentt of African Americans from the jury.
Before Batson, neither the prosecution nor the defense had to provide reasons for its use of peremptory strikes in excluding prospective jurors.
In 1989, the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals reversed Mr. Chambers' conviction after finding that the state had engaged in racial discrimination in its use of peremptory challenges.
We have confidence that trial judges will be able to decide if the circumstances concerning the prosecutor's use of peremptory challenges creates a prima facie case.
This case-specific use of peremptory challenges by the state does not single out blacks, or members of any other race for that matter, for discriminatory treatment.
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Such use of peremptories is at best based upon seat-of-the-pants instincts, which are undoubtedly crudely stereotypical and may in many cases be hopelessly mistaken.
A 1986 United States Supreme Court ruling, Batson v. Kentucky, made it easier for defense lawyers to curb prosecutors' use of peremptories to reject jurors based on race, significantly changing the way criminal cases are tried.
The Court granted review to decide whether Mr. Snyder's right to Equal Protection was violated by the prosecutor's use of his peremptory challenges.
First, the party opposing the use of a peremptory challenge must make a prima facie case.
"Defense counsel appeared to object to the prosecutor's supposed use of a peremptory challenge to remove the juror on the basis of homosexuality," wrote the court, "while the prosecutor seemed clearly to focus on what he perceived to be the transgendered appearance of the juror".
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