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Frequent use of passive coping strategies in high pain could contribute to higher levels of depression over time [ 17].
Cross-sectional analyses revealed that high self-esteem and low use of passive coping strategies were related to fewer internalizing and externalizing problems.
We hypothesized that high self-esteem, high use of active coping strategies, and low use of passive coping strategies would be related to and protective of developing internalizing and externalizing problem behavior by adolescent COPMI.
This result is in agreement with Mortimer et al. [ 9] as far as women are concerned: she found that the use of passive coping strategies increased the probability of not seeking care, but only for women, not for men.
This finding is consistent with previous studies reporting associations between self-efficacy, fear-avoidance and catastrophizing [ 14, 30], uncertainty about the illness and the use of passive coping, avoidance [ 31], catastrophizing and a limited understanding of the symptoms of FM and emotional representation [ 32], negative illness beliefs, emotional expressions and avoidance [ 28].
In addition, in fibromyalgia patients uncertainty about the illness was found to be associated with more use of passive coping, avoidance and anxiety [ 31] and catastrophizing was found to be related to a limited understanding of the symptoms of FM, beliefs of a more cyclical nature of FM, and an emotional representation [ 32].
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Mercado and colleagues [ 49] demonstrated that individuals using moderate to high levels of passive coping strategies were five times more likely to develop disabling neck and/or low back pain than those with low levels.
In the case of passive coping and depression, the scales used to identify these factors had no established threshold score that identifies the presence of clinically meaningful problematic coping strategies and depression.
An important key to successful treatment of people with anxiety — including social anxiety — is overcoming freezing and other forms of passive coping.
This finding adds weight to the importance of passive coping in musculoskeletal pain outcomes.
The categories Disclaiming responsibility and Responsibility irrelevant might be seen as related to the possible adoption of passive coping styles.
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