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However, the use of inappropriate reference genes that change expression levels under different conditions can cause interpretation errors.
Here we argue that most of the observed variability could come from uncontrolled variables, or the use of inappropriate reference times, rather than from intrinsic sources of noise ("intrinsic" meaning that they cannot be eliminated)." We believe that our study sheds light onto these issues.
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In spite of this, qPCR analyses in cotton are still hampered by the use of inappropriate references genes.
We have also systematically evaluated the effect of the use of NFs of inappropriate reference gene(s) on the expression changes of the target genes and the erroneous results they resulted in.
This study validated the use of endogenous controls in 3T3-L1 andpocytes and highlights the impact of inappropriate reference gene selection on data interpretation and study conclusions.
This bias results from the synergistic effects of inappropriate reference standard bias, differential verification bias, and partial verification bias [ 4].
This bias reflects the synergistic effects of inappropriate reference standard bias, differential verification bias, and partial verification bias.
The expression of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and 9-cis epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED1) genes were used to further confirm the validated candidate reference genes, showing that the use of an inappropriate reference gene may induce erroneous results.
In contrast, the use of an inappropriate reference gene like GAPDH led to significant erroneous estimation of differentially expressed genes.
The high α-helical contribution comes presumably from a helical fibrillar scaffold that impacts the CD spectrum, and the use of inappropriate CD reference set of β-rich proteins spectra for deconvolution [26].
Such examples clearly emphasise that validation experiments are mandatory to avoid the drawbacks of using inappropriate reference genes [ 77, 78].
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