However, the cereal production in the past has been achieved through the use of high yielding varieties, which have a heavy demand of inputs in the form of chemical fertilizers, herbicides and insecticides/pesticides, leading to environmental degradation.
Regardless use of high yielding varieties of crops with chemical fertilizer, crop production in Bangladesh is still not enough in comparison to other developed ones due to loss of soils physical health.
This issue can be overcome with the use of higher yielding strain controlled systems, with metabolic engineering techniques, by adopting strain improvement methods, with low capital and operating cost processes, by use of media with economical substrates, by optimizing process parameters, and culturing strategies with minimal or manageable by-products.
Successful marker-assisted selection to improve yield mainly relied on the use of high-yielding lines to identify large-effect QTLs (Vikram et al. 2011) and evaluation of their consistent effects in TEs (Yadaw et al. 2013).
Cropland expansion, which has led to the fragmentation of natural habitats and loss of biodiversity, and the intensification of agriculture (intensive use of high-yielding crop varieties, fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation), has also caused degeneration of ecosystem functions and ecosystem services such as biological control5,6.
The Green Revolution was an intensifying of input-based production characterized by the use of high-yielding and fertilizer-efficient new varieties of seed (rice and wheat).
In contrast, use of high-yielding varieties may be a win-win strategy, as these simultaneously decrease methane emissions and increase grain yield.
The interest of using willow for biomass production is growing, which has resulted in increased pressure on breeding of high yielding and resistant clones adapted to different environments.
The increased use worldwide of high-yielding varieties of rice and wheat since the 1960s has shown that farmers are willing and able to adopt new crops and farming methods when their superiority is demonstrated.
The use of improved high yielding crop varieties is an important avenue for reducing hunger and food insecurity in developing countries.
"Research institutions have highlighted the potential role of high-yielding rice varieties as a solution to boost low crop productivity, targeting their increased use by smallholders.
