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These threats should be addressed using recognised approaches, including appropriate choice of comparators, detailed understanding of the change processes at work, careful specification of research questions, and the use of falsification tests and other methods for strengthening causal attribution.
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We have replaced these uses of falsification with broader terminology except where we cite others who use this exact term.
The use of model falsification for system identification allows for explicit inclusion of engineering heuristics in this knowledge intensive task while also offering robustness to effects of systematic modeling errors that are associated with idealization of complex civil structures.
A goodness-of-fit criterion (Akaike's information criterion, AIC) was used for falsification of incompatible inhibition models.
A goodness-of-fit criterion (Akaike's information criterion, AIC) was used for falsification of sigmoid enzyme kinetics.
Popper used the idea of falsification to draw a line instead between pseudo and proper science.
The use of the term "falsification", with its connotations of an exact hypothesis that can be decisively falsified by a single or even a few negative findings is problematic.
Last week, he took legal action against the Web site of the left-leaning weekly magazine Le Nouvel Observateur, accusing it of "falsification, use of false documents and possession of stolen goods".
Future analyses of this nature could be strengthened by excluding alternative explanations, including a wider range of falsification tests, or the use of a synthetic control (a composite of multiple regions), rather than a single control country.
Only when BNFL admitted the falsification was use of the fuel cancelled.
The new charges against Mr. Serra, a former three-star bureau chief with authority over the jails at Rikers Island, involve the remodeling of his bathroom and kitchen, the construction of a basketball court, the use of Department of Correction equipment and the falsification of employee time sheets, the authorities said.
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