These divergent results may be related to the use of different mutant α-synuclein, different promoters, different animal species and different methods of protein evaluation.
This difference may be due to the use of different point mutants, since the mutation of K221 interferes with the binding of ATP.
To exclude this possibility and to demonstrate that RET in RA mechanoreceptors is indeed activated by GFRa1 in trans, we used DRG explants from E14.5 embryos of different mutant backgrounds and treated these explants with NRTN, GDNF, GFRa1 plus GDNF, or GFRa1 alone.
In the most general case, fitness will depend on the mutant frequencies x i, as different mutants may make use of different resources, and the relative resource concentrations change as the mutant frequencies change.
Furthermore, numerous genetic tools allow the use of different well known D. discoideum mutants to study the mechanisms behind pathogenicity (endocytosis, phagocytosis), the sensitivity to pathogens or to identify genes involved in virulence.
These conclusions are based on (i) stimulating the signaling pathway either by soluble TRAIL or by transfection of LMP1-TRAIL receptor fusion proteins, (ii) the use of either small interfering RNA (siRNA -mediated knockdown or expresiRNA -mediated cell lines and (iii) rescue experiments also using different mutants of FADD and caspase-8.
This discrepancy could result from the accumulation of different levels of specific cytokinins in these mutants and/or the use of different plant species.
Similar studies incorporating multiple aspects of behavior have been used to classify different mutants or to screen the effects of drugs [ 36- 39].
A separate set of experiments used a different mutant allele of Tor (Tor K17004 ) and showed that Tor K17004 /+ heterozygotes, like Tor MB07988 /+ heterozygous flies, exhibited resistance to starvation.
Dobzhansky and Epling [15] performed two sets of crosses using two different mutant marked chromosomes, and the heterozygous females carried one of four wild arrangements.
