Further studies, including the use of different EBLV isolates and doses, different routes and sites of infection and the use of other potential host species as experimental models are required in order to ameliorate our understanding of pathogen adaptation and of the host response, which can result in an abortive infection, survival with clinical sequelae or lethal infection.
Although conflicting data may result from the use of different methods to isolate and culture the pDCs between studies, our results support a key role for HCQ treatment in explaining the impaired functional ability of pDCs in SLE.
The use of different animal prion disease isolates (and possibly differing species and strains of CWD) might explain this discrepancy; however, a more fundamental difference might be that the in vivo and in vitro model systems assess different aspects of the agent and its replication.
All growth curve and dot assay experiments were repeated using three different isolates of each strain.
Selected individual genes preferentially expressed under freshwater or seawater growth were confirmed in independent biological replicates, as well as using geographically different isolates of the fungus.
However, isolated use of different technologies does not offer an overview of the different learning dynamics.
For such interactions, it has been shown that the identity of QTLs for resistance in the host is highly variable if experiments are repeated using different isolates of a particular parasite, and this is a greater source of variation than genotype-by-environment interactions (Wilfert & Schmid-Hempel 2008).
Several other methods have been used to type different isolates of the same species, in particular, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (15) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) (16).
The potential effect of the H. contortus isolate on indicator efficacy was also explored by using four different isolates, with varying anthelmintic resistance capacities, to infect the sheep.
The use of different identifiers for information about the same isolate or illness reported to various CDC surveillance systems (e.g., FoodNet, PulseNet, NARMS) is an obstacle to fully understanding the features of reported infections.
