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In 2009 a team of doctors at Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute in Los Angeles, California, reported the first attempted use of cardiac stem cell transplantation to repair damaged heart tissue.
A challenge associated with the use of cardiac stem cells is harvesting technique.
Recently, doctors elsewhere have reported promising early results in the use of cardiac stem cells to curb the formation of unhealthy scar tissue after a heart attack.
An obstacle to the use of cardiac stem cells would be the fact that they need to be expanded ex vivo before transplantation, which can be costly [70].
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One trial in the planning stages, based in Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California, and at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, hopes to use a natural pool of cardiac stem cells, whereas groups such as Murry's are interested in coaxing embryonic stem cells into more defined but still flexible heart cells.
Cells that had been stimulated to dedifferentiate were then used to produce millions of cardiac stem cells, which were later reinfused directly into the heart of the patient through a catheter in a coronary artery.
The scientists say this is the first reported case of cardiac stem cells being used as a treatment in people after earlier studies had shown benefits in animals.
One of the exciting new developments in the field of cardiac regenerative therapy is the identification of cardiac stem cells (CSCs) and their use in clinical trials [ 74– 74].
In most studies, the prospective isolation of cardiac stem cells has relied upon the use of specific antibodies that recognize cell-surface antigens expressed by stem cells in other tissues, particularly by hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
A functioning strip of heart muscle has been created from mouse embryonic stem cells, thanks to the identification of a new type of cardiac stem cell.
This approach enables millions of cardiac stem cells to be produced in the laboratory.
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