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Options considered for in-drift emplacement included different heat loads and use of backfill.
Recently, for the lack of a dumping site the use of backfill for regional and local support has been receiving increasing attention in the mining industry.
Detailed experimental work was performed in the field to evaluate the borehole thermal resistance of different coaxial GHE configurations, where the external flow channel was made of several small pipes (Acuña et al. 2011) or a flexible liner molding the borehole wall and avoiding the use of backfill material (Acuña and Palm 2013).
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Environmental benefits result from the use of tailings as backfill material: problems related to the disposal of surface tailings can be reduced as substantial quantities of potentially polluting tailings can be returned underground.
Bosworth speculated that part of the problem might be in the fill material used to backfill the levee wall, but had no way to know for certain.
PLL-g-PEG was used to backfill the nonprinted regions.
Note that cobalt was used to backfill the insect neurons in this study.
The use of clayey soil/Ca-bentonite backfill may be advantageous to achieve relatively low hydraulic conductivity, which has equivalent performance as that of conventional sandy soil/Na-bentonite backfills.
Toward use of proposed CLSM as a backfill material for underground boreholes and pipes, thermal conductivity was measured.
For the purpose of the use of proposed CLSM as a backfill material for underground boreholes and pipes, a thermal conductivity was also measured.
Moreover, three design configurations with the use of low-shrinkage, low-CoTE backfill materials were demonstrated to improve LTE substantially, with an average increase from 45% to 74%.
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