There are other ways in which an observed gradual increase in tumour risk after parameter perturbation could be achieved, in particular by assuming a random tumour growth rate, or by using a quantal response rate, relating probability of tumour detection to size, as outlined by Bartoszyński et al. [ 125].
Dorda's estimation of the duration of a quantal time unit is linked to the gravitational force experienced on Earth in conjunction with the gravitational effects of Sun and Moon.
A value of 2 implied that the students answered correctly, a value of 1 implied that the answer was in the 10% range of a quantal response, and a value of 0 implied a totally incorrect answer.
For example, some older toxicologic studies used a "quantal" model describing binary outcomes that occur when an individual's tolerance for an exposure is exceeded (Finney 1971).
These relations hold in general on every situation for a quantum state and guarantee the WDF to be a quantal distribution function in spite of its peculiar properties such as its allowed appearance of negativity.
Therefore, the advent of novel computer-assisted video image analysis methods (VIA) is potentially significant, as it provides the ability to quantitate cells using a continuous scale from zero to maximal density, rather than a quantal or discontinuous grading scale as determined by standard visual methods.
These possibilities can be distinguished by a quantal analysis in which the size of the miniature excitatory postsynaptic potential released spontaneously from the presynaptic terminal is used as a reference.
The activity of Ca2+ sparklets was determined by calculating the nPs of each Ca2+ sparklet site, where n is the number of quantal levels and Ps is the probability that a quantal Ca2+ sparklet event is active.
Because the electrons are distributed over the velocities, some number of them reach distances less than λ T and then require a quantal description.
Crawford and Wilson (1996) treated the noncancer toxicity as a quantal endpoint appearing with a probability characterized by a dose-response that implicitly uses as its "dose" measure the intensity of the underlying toxicity-generating process.
