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And they use coercive measures that generate resistance.
If, however, the Commission wishes to use coercive measures during these investigations, the assistance of the national authorities is required.
For Darwall (2006, 18), to have a claim-right, "includes a second-personal authority to resist, complain, remonstrate, and perhaps use coercive measures of other kinds, including, perhaps, to gain compensation if the right is violated".
When verbal coercion is not enough, sometimes it is necessary to use coercive measures to avoid injuries to the patient himself or to other patients.
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The subscale scores do not tally well with the main reason put forward by clinicians for using coercive measures, that is, to prevent self-harm (60.29%), since the mean score for the self-harm subscale was 0.69 (on a scale from 0 to 4).
When verbal coercion is not enough, the most frequently used coercive measure was isolation.
The most frequently used coercive measure was forced medication (80.7%), followed by physical restraint (57.1%) and seclusion (10.7%).
The most widely used coercive measure was isolation (41.35%), although in most cases (87%) it was accompanied by other measures (most commonly transfer or change of cell and forced medication).
The somewhat surprising finding that perceived coercion is not correlated to legal status (or as shown in other studies the use of coercive measures) raises questions about the validity of the measures used for coercion in clinical studies.
The fact that the ward level is an important influence on both the use of seclusion and involuntary medication may indicate that interventions regarding the use of coercive measures should take into account organizational factors.
The aims of the study are to: (i) investigate frequency and variance in the use of coercive measures in acute psychiatric wards in Norway, and (ii) identify predictors of the use of coercion for involuntary admitted patients, with emphasis on patient, staff and ward characteristics, investigating especially whether mean ward-level staff attitudes to coercion influence the use of coercion.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com