Households were selected from Tutuila and Aunu'u Islands by using a spatial sampling design to facilitate geospatial analysis (4 ).
Using a replicated spatial sampling design across a sharp gradient in salmon nutrient loading, our study provides clear evidence that the temporal pattern in an allochthonous nutrient source and an interaction with temperature and spatial location influences conifer growth.
The need for representative ground data obtained using a robust spatial sampling strategy is highlighted and the example of how this was achieved in MODIRISK, a project aiming at mapping mosquito species and biodiversity patterns in Belgium, is given.
With a spatial sampling protocol using passive nitrogen dioxide badges, there was weak evidence for an average effect on concentrations, but there was evidence that concentrations declined near closed-down roads but increased on auxiliary roads, relative to comparison weeks.
A spatial sampling design that uses pair-copulas is presented that aims to reduce prediction uncertainty by selecting additional sampling locations based on both the spatial configuration of existing locations and the values of the observations at those locations.
Then, using an Optimization Spatial Sampling Method developed for this study (OSSM), the fitness function is minimized by changing the positions of a chosen number of NDT measurements.
Using an adequate spatial sampling of 200 m radius circular plots in which Skylarks positions were mapped twice the year, we observed a strong selection for grasslands, an intermediate selection for cereals and spring-sown crops (changing with scale and time), and an avoidance of oilseed rape.
We computed new parentage assignments across all sampling years to use the most recent version of COLONY (2.0.1.4, at the time of computation) and to use the same spatial sampling unit in all calculations.
It is therefore desirable to use a proper sampling design which integrates spatial heterogeneity at field level.
Detection using fixed spatial sampling was as good as, or better than, simple random sampling.
