In DRAIN3DX, compression-only hysteretic behavior can be modeled using a single element.
In this approach, each panel in the structure, i.e. piers and spandrels, is modelled by using a single element.
For the area-weighted approach, the DG equations are based on the 2D Cartesian geometry that is rotated about the axis of symmetry using a single, element average radius.
Fluorescence spectra were collected using a single element Si(Li) detector, placed approximately 20 mm from the sample.
The photoacoustic signals were detected using a single element ultrasound transducer (25 MHz center frequency, 25.4 mm focal depth) connected to ultrasound pulser/receiver.
As one of the limitations of the current setup of the experiments, it should be noted that the PMI scanning area was smaller than the fluorescence imaging area due to relatively slow scanning time using a single element transducer.
Because the infrared beam is spread over thousands of detecting elements in an FPA detector when performing ATR-FT-IR spectroscopic imaging, each pixel receives less infrared light, resulting in a lower signal-to-noise ratio than can be obtained using a single element detector.
Maps were collected with a step size of 0.2 μm and a dwell time of 8 ms. Synchrotron microfocus μ-XRF data were collected at the SSRL on beamline 2 3 using a single element Si Vortex (SSI) with Si(220) double crystal monochromator.
Since this cavity design delays the beams by several nanoseconds, it becomes possible to use a single-element detector, thereby taking advantage of the speed improvements of a multi-beam system without sacrificing image quality through the use of a spatially-resolved detector.
We are developing and testing a simple, low-cost UVE system using a single-element imaging transducer that is simpler and less computationally demanding than array-based systems.
In the previous research [16, 17], the equation that provides an error determination when computing the impulse response for receivers using a single-element detector was reported and can be estimated as the square root of the total received power variance, var pk), in the k th time interval (width Δt).
