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That is, if we want to breakdown the results by a factor, this factor must be included as a bridge variable in the imputation model (i.e., as a predictor, if we use a regression imputation model).
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BMI was imputed where it was unavailable using a regression imputation technique based on age, gender, receipt of pension, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and index of relative disadvantage.
Out of the 36 with transient PEs, only 9 participants (25%) had been rated as having PEs at age 20 and the other 27 participants (75%) were only rated as having PEs at age 18. Missing values were estimated using a regression imputation method (Buck 1960) across the entire ALSPAC cohort (n = 13 9713.
Where there was missing data, a second analysis was performed used multiple imputation with 20 copies of the dataset and using a regression approach for imputation.
Missing data was handled using multiple imputation with imputed data generated using a sequential regression imputation method via the software package IVEware [ 31].
Imputations were generated using a sequential regression imputation method via the software package IVEware, and results were combined using Rubin's rule implemented in SAS v9.2 MIANALYZE procedure [ 36- 38].
We assumed missing data were conditional on observed covariates, and we performed multiple imputation for all missing values using a regression switching approach (multiple imputation by chained equations) [ 21].
We used a sequential regression imputation procedure (Raghunathan et al. 2001) to replace values for missing items in the UMDES questionnaire data, and used imputed values in estimating various statistics from the survey.
For X1, we used a logistic regression imputation according to its binomial distribution.
We performed multiple imputations using an interval regression imputation model (100 imputed datasets) with interval censoring of the indicators of pubertal events.
Missing values were imputed with single imputation using a regression method including a random component for the ESR, patient's assessment of general health, and HAQ question 23 (take a tub bath) or linear interpolation using the trapezoid method for the DAS28 and EQ-5D scores, conditional on the data being missing at random.
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