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For comparison purposes we use a null model in which individuals have a simple genome only containing genes, and in which mutations only affect whether a gene is expressed or not.
Poisot uses a null model, but because his example data are binary networks (containing no information about the strength of a link), the best he (or anyone) can do is to use a null model based on degrees, which is only a very poor reflection of the actual abundance.
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Net relatedness index (NRI) of the bacterial communities was calculated based on mean phylogenetic distance [43, 44], using a null model of random community phylogenetic relationships (picante package ; 999 runs, not abundance weighted).
We used a null model incorporating a bootstrap randomization procedure to examine whether ovarian cycles were more synchronous or asynchronous than expected by chance in a large captive hamadryas colony.
First, we needed to separate the total variability in the dependent variable, organizational commitment, using a null model.
Using a null model, all the individual coral colonies within the region were shuffled through individual-based randomization.
We used a null model based on [48], i.e., fixing the number/type of incoming and outgoing edges in the random network to those of E. coli's.
We used a null model to validate our model.
32 We ran a likelihood ratio test using a null model (without the random intercept).
This will allow Alice to encode the target more concisely than stating the target structure using a null model.
Yet, the strength of the signal should be reassessed using a null model that takes into account disordered regions.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com