It's no longer enough to have clean streets and a passable metro; cities must now be able to have all that and use data to calculate consumption, resource usage and traffic management.
The equilibrium frequencies of amino acids are assumed to be equal to those in the aligned sequences, and equal codon usage is assumed to calculate the equilibrium codon frequencies from them; a suffix "-F" is appended to the model names.
Oregon is one geography working with ClearRoad to manage its new opt-in road usage program where the state is able to calculate drivers' usage of certain roads and their gas consumption, and then reimburse them for gas taxes they're paying.
The major performance bottleneck is that the system needs to calculate usage frequencies for every term appearing in every document in the result set.
The efficacy of the inversion is achieved by the implementation of a limited memory quasi-Newton method and the usage of an adjoint approach to calculate the misfit gradient.
We used the SCUO method, which does not require a reference set of genes known to be highly expressed, to calculate codon usage bias (Angellotti et al. 2007).
This is different from the Relative Synonymous Codon Usage values that are used to calculate the CAI [ 21], which reflect simply the abundance of codons in optimized genes without reference to their abundance in non-optimized genes.
We derived a method to calculate the codon usage expected for a given GC content, where this usage is most similar to a background codon usage.
Algorithm 2 describes the process used to calculate the monthly usage fees a broker must pay to satisfy user demand.
To calculate the energy usage, the energy input of a given roaster, as rated by the manufacturer, is multiplied by the roasting time required.
