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In agreement with the previous report [35], over-expression of U2AF65 was found to enhance the usage of the proximal 3' weak splice site, resulting in a significant increase in the pyPY ratio (Figure 4C, bar 2).
In most cases, the general pattern is a reduction in the usage of the distal 3' splice sites that generate a smaller transcript and an increase in the usage of the proximal 3' splice sites in sr45-1 compared to WT.
SRSF1 and SRSF5 (SRpromoteomote usage of the proximal 3′ ss, thus favouring the production of mRNAs encoding proangiogenic proteins [ 49].
In IVSmut plants, in which MIR163 had both 5′ and 3′ splice sites mutated, usage of the proximal poly(A) site was almost exclusive (more than 95%).
Therefore, it is possible that binding of U1 snRNP to the 5′ss of pri-miR163 might inhibit usage of the proximal poly(A) site.
Both FCA and FPA strengthen the usage of the proximal poly(A) sites of their own transcripts and enhance the usage of proximal poly(A) sites of FLC antisense transcripts.
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This mutation leads to the usage of the more proximal PAS and to the expression of a transcript with a shortened 3′UTR and a potentially higher stability.
Precursor molecules of miR-122 down-regulated the translation of the 1.4-kb Insig1 isoform mRNA by interfering with the usage of the promoter-proximal cleavage-polyadenylation site that gives rise to the 1.4-kb Insig1 mRNA.
Three of them almost abolished the usage of the immediate downstream (proximal) 3′AG and activated substantial usage of a further downstream cryptic 3′SS within the exon or caused exon skipping (upper right, lanes 3, 5 and 7).
Several authors have reported nonrandom codon usage in the proximal coding sequences of many genes (Niimura et al. 2003; Qin et al. 2004; Porceddu and Camiolo 2011; Tuller et al. 2011).
Previous studies have found the greatest risk reduction with aspirin usage and with lesions of the proximal colon (Rothwell et al, 2010) and hence examining this in our population may have been of interest.
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